What is the real value of a kidney?

What is the real value of a kidney?

Remembering that even the heartbeat was misunderstood for centuries, could the kidney yet prove to be . . . an oxido-transformer? Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Renal function is no mystery: it is simply the homeostatic regulation of body fluids, the main mechanism...
Why elephants defecate wantonly

Why elephants defecate wantonly

Lipid energy is a priority for the largest animals, explaining why collateral food components are abandoned to the dung beetles. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Elephants digest so superficially that much of the protein is defecated, many items remain identifiable in...
Why external ears are redundant in birds

Why external ears are redundant in birds

No bird uses external pinnae to sense the direction of sound. This is because birds have effectively turned the mammalian ear outside-in. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Because birds typically need to be streamlined to fly, they have minimised the external ear and...
Kiwi were no solution to a mammalian vacuum

Kiwi were no solution to a mammalian vacuum

Long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus) © Jaganath, via Wikimedia Commons Monotremes or bats had a head start over even the most mammal-like of birds in filling empty niches on stray fragments of Gondwana. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “No terrestrial mammal could reach New...