True ancestry of the domestic dog

True ancestry of the domestic dog

Canis familiaris photo © Sofia Olsson The domestic dog is descended not from the wolf – which never features the black-and-tan pattern – but from an extinct and unnamed ancestral species, one colour-morph of which probably looked just like this. The black-and-tan...
Arboreal reflections of amphibian eyes

Arboreal reflections of amphibian eyes

The bulging eyes of water and tree frogs differ more than they look.   Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Semi-aquatic frogs have dorsally protuberant eyes placed above the level of the skull. This allows the animals to hide in water while spotting any predator...
The giant panda as a sinister signboard

The giant panda as a sinister signboard

A black and white warning of dangerous teeth. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “The black-and-white pattern of the giant panda was first  interpreted as warning colouration half a century ago but nobody has taken that suggestion seriously. Although it’s true that this...
The dagger looks of golden toads

The dagger looks of golden toads

Black eyes can be poisonous exclamations in orange frogs. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Most species of frogs have prominent eyes. Despite this, frogs avoid using their eyes for communication – with ocular social signalling being rare, and the staring down of...
Frogs’ tails hiding in plain sight

Frogs’ tails hiding in plain sight

De-tailed amphibians conceal a hiptail of unknown potential. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Frogs are consistently tailless despite varying greatly in other respects and having diversified into some 50 families and five thousand species. The loss of the tail is so...
Frogs are more dexterous than lizards

Frogs are more dexterous than lizards

Primitive amphibians can be surprisingly handy. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Frogs remain at a lower evolutionary level than lizards. Although certain frogs possess an opposable thumb, this is best explained as compensation for the fact that no frog possesses...