What is the real value of a kidney?

What is the real value of a kidney?

Remembering that even the heartbeat was misunderstood for centuries, could the kidney yet prove to be . . . an oxido-transformer? Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Renal function is no mystery: it is simply the homeostatic regulation of body fluids, the main mechanism...
Why elephants defecate wantonly

Why elephants defecate wantonly

Lipid energy is a priority for the largest animals, explaining why collateral food components are abandoned to the dung beetles. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Elephants digest so superficially that much of the protein is defecated, many items remain identifiable in...
Why there is no such thing as a migratory carnivore

Why there is no such thing as a migratory carnivore

Carnivores fail to migrate with their ungulate prey because of  energetic, not reproductive, limitations. Prof. Mumblebard claims: The reason why no predator can fully follow migratory ungulates, which move on average only a few kilometres each day of the year,...
Why external ears are redundant in birds

Why external ears are redundant in birds

No bird uses external pinnae to sense the direction of sound. This is because birds have effectively turned the mammalian ear outside-in. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Because birds typically need to be streamlined to fly, they have minimised the external ear and...
Kiwi were no solution to a mammalian vacuum

Kiwi were no solution to a mammalian vacuum

Monotremes or bats had a head start over even the most mammal-like of birds in filling empty niches on stray fragments of Gondwana. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “No terrestrial mammal could reach New Zealand owing to geographical isolation. In their place, kiwi...