The failure of bats in New Zealand

The failure of bats in New Zealand

The apparent failure of bats to fill empty niches in New Zealand is owing to the ecological unsuitability of these islands for mammals. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “Bats didn’t evolve to fill flying or flightless niches in New Zealand because birds pre-empted them.”...
The ostrich functions as a typical bird

The ostrich functions as a typical bird

The ostrich uses the same advantages as used by flying birds, namely greater mobility and heat-tolerance than those of mammals, to compete as a herbivore with the many African antelopes. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “The ostrich fits in among African mammal communities by...
Warning colouration in the giant panda

Warning colouration in the giant panda

The giant panda is the blackest and whitest of bears, because it is the bear under greatest risk of futile attack by the tiger. Prof. Mumblebard claims: “The black-and-white pattern of the giant panda is probably an accident of evolution. If this colouration is...