Confounded kiwi caprices

Confounded kiwi caprices

Note to readers: Biological Expositions is a series of blog-posts each of which is equivalent in content to a book chapter. If bio-bullets are likened to a starter, blog-posts could be seen as a light lunch and Biological Expositions as a three course meal. We look...
The first triangular mutualism: plant – ant – butterfly

The first triangular mutualism: plant – ant – butterfly

A triad of reciprocity may bring out the best in social insects, lycaenids and legumes. In Australia there are many types of plants dispersed and sown by ants. The seeds of these plants have a small but nutritious food-body which is eaten by the ants. The consumption...