Tibetan wild ass is designed to be conspicuous to predators
Wild equids as hoofed banners
Zebra striping frustrates victim-selection by hyena rather than bulls-eye pouncing by lion
The puzzling reluctance of island-colonising mammals on Majorca
First-come permanently-served on the Balearics
Signatures of species-distinction in white-bearded wildebeests
South Africa’s suid cinderella
Colouration of dogs suggests jackal-like, not wolf, ancestry
Wild equids as hoofed banners
A continent mysteriously lacking tortoises
Probe under the shell of a land so near and yet so far for testudines.
Frog eyes
Frogs look up from water and down from trees.
Genital perversion of spotted hyena: adaptive not accidental
Wild equids as hoofed banners
Jaguarundi disguised as puma
Why Australia lacks ant-eating woodpeckers
Ants can be abundant and diverse and yet too slow-breeding to feed ant-eaters.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Sam Wilson
Ultimately benign biological invasions
Are catastrophes a temporary part of the natural process of addition to local biotas? Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Stan Sheb
The ostrich functions as a typical bird
The ostrich uses the same advantages as used by flying birds, namely greater mobility and heat-tolerance than those of mammals, to compete as a herbivore…
A salutary trade for seed-dispersing animals
Some seed-dispersal by animals transcends the usual rewards of sugary fruit-pulp or oily arils.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Wallpaperhi
The failure of bats in New Zealand
New Zealand’s strange bats provide clues to why mammals did not predominate on this archipelago.
Lack of Australian gophers is no historical accident
The absence of gopher-like mammals in Australia provides insights into why certain animals did not evolve on this island continent.
Unintended consequences of vaccinations
Pretending false infection makes for an edgy immune system.
Warning colouration in the giant panda
The most checkered of bears is the least likely to be worth attacking naively.
Amphibians are easy anteaters
Why evolution has produced termitefrogs but not termitebirds.
Frogs father further than mammals
Amphibians hop to paternal care.
A grazing bird under the marsupial radar

The competitive edge of the amphibian way
Fatherly slime provident not primitive.
The subtlety of simian sightlines
White eyes in red apes.
What does a pied lizard advertise?
Zebras use gnus as cover
How to stay out of focus by gnu-immersion Photo by Uli Sauer Prof. Mumblebard claims: “As this photo in Ngorongoro Caldera shows, the plains zebra is attracted to gnus. The reason is that there is safety in numbers, the particular benefit being the vigilance of the gnus against predators.” (NAÏVE) Robin and the Honey Badger respond: “Gnus, with their […]
Arboreal reflections of amphibian eyes
Frogs look up from water and down from trees.
The giant panda as a sinister signboard
A mutilator of more than just bamboos.
The dagger looks of golden toads
Lurid froglets that ogle darkly.
Frogs’ tails hiding in plain sight
Tads don’t lose their pole after all.
Frogs are more dexterous than lizards
The simplest frog is more manipulative than the cleverest lizard. .
Happy festering in the lives of tadpoles
Ferments give amphibs their cool edge.
Why no southern salamanders?
The evolutionary compass of amphibian tails.
The riddle of the failed frogs of Gondwana
Why have tadpoles excused themselves from New Zealand?
A thumbs-up on amphibians
The human hand as living fossil.
The paradox of the fire-loving crayfishes
Building a life on wet combustion.
Archaeopteryx is neither the first bird nor a bird in the first place
What it takes to drought-proof 3-centimetre hooves.
Aposematic uniformism in butterflies versus mob-mentality in forest birds
Only the gaudiest butterflies survive a feathered gauntlet.
Plumosaurs flew as dinosaurs, not as proto-birds
Looking past plumage at the tell-tale of tails.
Authentic mega-killers kept their mouths shut
The mythical snarl of dental sabres.
Five newly revealed ‘conspicu-cats’
Achtung felid claws!
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What lies behind the kidney’s iron curtain?
Despite its rusty colour, urine is revealingly rust-free.
Which predatory identity does this goby mimic?
Fishes with figurative claws. .
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An explanation for sexual skew in the priapiumfish
Why micro-meta-genitals evolved in fishes.
Coital fanging in a giant cartilaginous fish
A plankton-siever with only the rudest of Jaws.
Does rickets show clinical deficiency of boron?
Hormonal ossification is elementary.
When does parroting qualify as speech?
Polly want some credit now.
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D stands for delete as vitamin
Calciferol, vital but not vitamin.
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Anglophone biology suffers from orange-blindness
Gaudiness hiding in plain sight.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Kevin Law
A new vitamin hiding in plain light
Food beliefs have fallen on the buttered side.
Cancer as a perverse revolution back to the primordial germ
Cancer rewinds the cooperative evolution that promoted multicellular organisms.
Seeing the light for the trees
Height of woodlands and savannas is aimed at resources scarcer than sunshine.
The nutritional wings of the tallest of all flightless birds
How moa elbowed mammalian herbivores out of New Zealand.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Walter Lawry Butler
Fat mephitids not allowed in the Old World
A black-and-white case of evolutionary skullduggery?
Why no native counterparts for eucalypts in southern Africa?
The evolutionary potential of myrtles is easy to miss in unfamiliar lands.
What is the real value of a kidney?
There must be good reason why the kidney is twice as energy-intensive as the brain or liver, making it the most costly of organs.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Patrick Guenette
Divergent adaptations of rock-wallabies and rock hyraxes
Convergence is unexpected where environmental differences hide in plain sight.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Otter Adrift
Why elephants defecate wantonly
Megaherbivore digestion seems inefficient until its cream-skimming tactic is recognised.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Getaway
Why there is no such thing as a migratory carnivore
Herbivores outpace carnivores by walking rather than by fleeing.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Getaway
Why external ears are redundant in birds
A streamlined head is only part of the explanation why birds avoid using external pinnae to locate sounds.
Kiwi were no solution to a mammalian vacuum
These birds are more far-fetched that even the least likely of furred imposters.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Simon Woolf
Time did not limit evolution in Zealandia
Why these are the largest islands without native terrestrial mammals.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: 2009 Infoqis Publishing Co.
Random mutation is antithetical to natural selection
One of the first adaptations of evolution should have been a non-random process of mutation.
Switches in the sign language of the lion during hunting
Sisters share deadly signals that have hidden in plain sight.
The largest carnivorous marsupial was unique.
Interpreting the marsupial lion as cat-like does not stand up to scientific scrutiny because there is little cat-like about its skeleton and, particularly, its teeth.
The marsupial lion: all slice and no bite
Unsheath the hidden weapon of an Australian carnivore with desultory canines.
Africa’s greenkeepers
Warthogs and baboons are the reserve greenkeepers of the African savannas, maintaining grazing lawns when the ungulate migrations suffer catastrophe.
Why do mangroves lack fruity succulence?
Potassium, the mineral of fruit-juice, can be unaffordable for mere seed-wrappings.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Hans Hillewart
Trees as green quazi-zombies
Ponder the resources that really matter under the shade of the energetic living dead.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Niel Marshman
Supermoles despite being marsupial moles
Notoryctids are primitively pouched but at the cutting-edge in other aspects.
Who chose the eyespots on the peacock?
Peahens were less likely than human protectors to select for these false eyes.
Is one coffee-priming intestine as delicious as another?
Do-it-yourself defecation of the choicest coffee seeds would sort the dogs from the civets.
Thumbnail image: © Copyright Leendertz
How beavers engineered landscapes for bison
Tree-felling, ponding, and silt-damming all eventually produce big grazing.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: NOAAA Photo Library
The hidden power of sea snakes over eels
Why even the most serpentine fishes can’t help but be engulfed by real sea serpents.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: NOAAA Photo Library
What is the true adaptive value of human racial variation?
What is served by racial discrimination may be cultural rather than physical adaptation.
Perverse exercise for the growing pelican
An exceptional wingspan made resilient by violent nurturing.
Thumbnail image — © Copyright: Geoff Hutchinson
Why is the numbat twenty times lighter than the aardwolf?
Numbat and aardwolf both specialise on eating termites, but of fundamentally different productivities.
Are birds really avian dinosaurs?
Birds originated from dinosaurs, but equating them with dinosaurs falls off a logical tightrope.
Gazelle-like antelopes as living flags
Colouration seeks no camouflage where it advertises safety in numbers.
An exceptional clitoris proves the olfactory rule
This lemur-killer shows that the mammalian clitoris is used for more than sexual stimulation.
Can any true bambi weather a desert?
What it takes to drought-proof 3-centimetre hooves.
Don’t put a line through adaptive camouflage in kudus
The retention of body stripes in greater kudu is no ancestral accident.















































































